Measuring cyber wisdom: preliminary validation of a new four-component measure.

Cyber-wisdom is the ability to know and do the right thing at the right time, when using digital technologies, and is a concept that is gaining attention from educators. Whilst the theory and practice of cyber-wisdom education is established, to date there has been no attempt to investigate how the virtue of cyber-wisdom might be measured. This is a lacuna as it limits future research in the area, including, in particular, proximal evaluations of cyber-wisdom interventions. This article introduces a new four-component measure of cyber-wisdom, which is relevant to how the virtue may be cultivated in practice via formal education and the teaching of what is generally referred to as digital citizenship education. The measure was piloted with 1,331 13-16 year-olds. The findings provide initial evidence that cyber-wisdom literacy, reasoning, reflection, and motivation can be measured. This study provides preliminary validation of cyber-wisdom sub-measures that might be used in evaluations of educational interventions that seek to help children and adolescents live with wisdom in the digital age.

Pedagogical practices and civic knowledge and engagement in Latin America: Multilevel analysis using ICCS data.

This study explored the relationship between pedagogical practices and the civic knowledge and engagement of students from five Latin American and Caribbean countries, using a multilevel analysis of the 2016 International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS). The results reveal the complex interplay of educational, sociodemographic, and attitudinal factors in shaping the civic knowledge and engagement of students. Extracurricular civic engagement showed a negative correlation with student civic knowledge and engagement as measured by the ICCS cognitive test. However, civic learning in school positively related to cognitive abilities, emphasizing the importance of integrating civic learning into the curriculum. Interestingly, students' educational aspirations emerged as a significant factor shaping their civic engagement, suggesting a strategy to foster high educational aspirations to enhance cognitive performance. Additionally, gender dynamics were evident in civic education, with girls consistently outperforming boys in all participating countries. The correlation between home literacy resources and test scores illuminated the significant role of home environments in academic achievement. Lastly, students' attitudes towards political participation had a notable connection to civic knowledge outcomes, presenting an exciting avenue for future research. Collectively, these findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to civic education and further research to refine effective strategies.

Searching for a democratic equalizer: Citizenship education's moderating effect on the relationship between a political home and internal political efficacy.

Internal political efficacy (IPE) is an important yet unequally distributed driver of political action. Following cultural sociological explanations for political disengagement, we study how students' political home environment reproduces inequalities in IPE and how citizenship education moderates this. We test whether citizenship education compensates, reproduces, or accelerates inequalities in IPE due to differences in one's political home environment. These moderating effects are tested for three components of citizenship education; the number of civic learning experiences, open classroom climate for discussion, and active student participation at school. We consider the school a potential equalizer and a segregated breeding ground for democracy. Based on multilevel analyses employing cross-sectional data (3838 students across 147 schools) gathered to test the attainment targets in citizenship education among Flemish senior high school students (Belgium), we show that privileged students receive more citizenship education. However, each citizenship education component increases IPE and has a small yet significant compensation effect. This paper makes theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature on inequalities in political socialization processes while critically investigating the school's functioning as a democratic equalizer.

Literacy: A lever for citizenship?

Within citizenship education, literacy is often promoted in a narrow functional sense of skills for civic engagement or is used synonymously with "knowledge" to refer to an awareness-raising process around rights. Through an analysis of evolving models of citizenship, this article moves beyond literacy for citizenship to consider the ways in which literacy learning can emerge through active citizenship. Drawing on published ethnographic studies of literacy in everyday life to analyse both the symbolic and instrumental meanings of literacy in specific contexts, the author introduces a social practice lens on literacy and citizenship. She explores the pedagogical implications for literacy within citizenship education, particularly in relation to informal learning of "real literacies", critical digital literacy to distinguish "fake news" and literature as a way of entering someone else's experiences. UNESCO's current vision for global citizenship education as nurturing empathy and understanding between peoples implies that literacy providers need to recognise participants as not only consumers, but as co-constructors of texts.

L'alphabétisation, un levier de la citoyenneté ? ­ Dans le domaine de l'éducation à la citoyenneté, soit l'alphabétisation fait souvent l'objet d'une promotion dans le sens fonctionnel étroit de l'acquisition de compétences favorisant l'engagement civique, soit elle est employée comme synonyme de « savoir ¼ renvoyant à un processus de sensibilisation lié aux droits. En analysant les modèles de citoyenneté qui évoluent, cet article va au-delà de l'alphabétisation pour la citoyenneté et examine les façons dont l'alphabétisation peut apparaître par le biais de la citoyenneté active. L'autrice s'appuie sur des études ethnographiques sur l'alphabétisation dans la vie quotidienne pour analyser les significations symboliques et instrumentales de l'alphabétisation dans des contextes spécifiques et éclaire l'alphabétisation et la citoyenneté du point de vue des pratiques sociales. Elle examine les implications pédagogiques pour l'alphabétisation dans le cadre de l'éducation à la citoyenneté, notamment en ce qui concerne l'apprentissage informel d'« alphabétisations réelles ¼, l'alphabétisation numérique critique pour distinguer les « infox ¼ et la littérature comme moyen de pénétrer dans l'expérience d'un autre. La vision actuelle de l'UNESCO selon laquelle l'éducation à la citoyenneté mondiale nourrit l'empathie et favorise la compréhension entre les peuples implique que les prestataires d'alphabétisation ne considèrent pas les participants uniquement comme des consommateurs, mais qu'ils voient en eux des co-constructeurs de textes.

Primary students' learning about citizenship through data science.

Much of the mathematics that children experience in school neglect the skills increasingly needed for citizenship, particularly the power of complex data to investigate and make sense of the world. We draw on the relatively new field of data science as a multi-disciplinary approach to investigate problems through analysis of massive, non-standard, incongruous and/or messy data. Our exploratory qualitative study had as its research question: What can children learn about citizenship when they engage with data science? The case study in this paper illustrated ways that children's learning about citizenship were enriched through an age-appropriate data science investigation. The study analysed classroom video from a Year 4 classroom (aged 9-10) over six lessons that integrated curricula in digital technologies, health, and mathematics. In these lessons, the children generated and analysed non-standard data and debated social, well-being and privacy issues as they considered their activities in cyberspace. The video data were analysed using a framework based on critical citizenship education literature that examined dimensions of power, collective engagement, individual responsibility and action. Three key findings emerged. First, the case study highlighted skills in citizenship education developed through data science, positioning children as agents and advocates. Second, the study showed how a complex data investigation in citizenship education was achievable with primary children through meaningful curriculum integration. This is important given that problems that citizens address are typically interdisciplinary. Finally, the findings revealed a gap between data science skills and those developed in the mathematics curriculum, and recommend ways that the maths curriculum could be updated.

Analysing mathematical modelling tasks in light of citizenship education using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study.

In this paper, we discuss the theoretical background of mathematical modelling and its connection to citizenship education. Citizenship education in this context means that young people are equipped with competencies to respond as responsible citizens in situations relevant for society. To outline the connection between mathematical modelling and citizenship education in theory, we discuss the aims of mathematical modelling, modelling competences and the connection between numeracy and modelling. Based on these reflections we present an extended modelling cycle that specifically highlights modelling steps relevant to citizenship education. To show how the theoretical connection between mathematical modelling and citizenship education can be used in teaching practice, we describe three different examples of modelling tasks and analyse them with the help of the extended modelling cycle. We argue that the three tasks support different learning aims in relation to citizenship education and require modellers to carry out different steps of the extended modelling cycle. As an example of context, we used the pandemic caused by COVID-19, as it affected the quality of human life greatly, as all students in the Western world experienced.

Global citizenship online in higher education.

Discourses of global education, citizenship and competence have been characterising the higher education literature in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has both heightened the relevance of global citizenship education and presented new challenges as educators and students continue to grapple with the lasting impact and implications. This paper presents the findings of a research study which looked at the perceived learning outcomes of a 'virtual exchange' project which addressed issues relevant to global citizenship, involving students in European and Southern Mediterranean countries in online dialogue programmes. The study used quantitative and qualitative approaches to the analysis of responses to open survey questions using the quantitative tool IRAMUTEQ (Sbalchiero & Tuzzi, 2016) and focus groups. Participants perceived that their learning was happening above all through their encounters and discussions with people from different backgrounds. They reported learning to listen actively and carefully, to accept and/or respect different opinions and experiences. The findings open up possibilities for how higher education institutions might engage students in online transnational and global learning experiences-which can contribute to thinking about renewing education and societies in a post-pandemic world.

Finnish UNESCO school educators' understanding of global citizenship education: Analysis through typologies, ecosocial understanding, and human rights.

This article sheds light on the unexplored field of UNESCO schools in Finland, and the results clarify the relationships between curricula, international commitments, and the understanding of educators in the educational field. It examines how teachers and principals of UNESCO's Associated Schools Network (ASPnet) in Finland describe their understanding of the role of global citizenship education (GCE). It draws on the typology proposed by Oxley and Morris in which forms of global education are divided into cosmopolitan types and-more critically-advocacy types and subtypes. The article also draws on concepts connected to GCE in the Finnish curricula (namely, ecosocial understanding and human rights). Findings indicate that educators perceived equality, democracy, and ecological sustainability as part of UNESCO schools and their own work. On the other hand, the need for increasing student-centered approaches was noted, racism was perceived as a difficult topic, and active deconstruction of inequalities was less referenced. When analyzing the results through typologies of global citizenship, the critical, spiritual, and economic aspects of GCE received less attention.

Postpandemic futures of Global Citizenship Education for preservice teachers: Challenges and possibilities.

Rather than returning to prepandemic normal, initial teacher education (ITE) must reexamine strategies to instill global citizenship education (GCE) skills in all preservice teachers. This article considers the impact of higher education's neoliberal internationalization context on efforts to provide GCE to preservice teachers in university-based teacher education. Examining study abroad, one prominent example of GCE in ITE, reveals how higher education's neoliberal internationalization practice limits potential transformation. This article asserts that ITE should follow school and community partnership models based on education theories that value diversity and social justice. Theories of boundary crossing offer one approach for reimagining study abroad for GCE in ITE and may have implications for other efforts at GCE for preservice teachers. In this moment, ITE must radically reimagine GCE in response to the generation of students and teachers who know they live in a deeply connected, unjust world.

Attitudes towards Future Unemployment and European Cooperation to Reduce Unemployment among 8th Graders in EU/European Countries.

The focus of this article is on the attitudes among 8th graders in European countries on future unemployment and attitudes towards cooperation among European countries to guarantee high levels of employment and strengthen their economies. This article uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches. For the qualitative approach, a systematic literature review was performed using four databases, starting from 16,873 search results for the 2016-2021 period before systematically limiting them to identify possible predictors used in quantitative analyses. The quantitative part uses secondary analyses of data obtained from 52,788 upper secondary students from 14 EU and one EU associated country from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2016, which is the last available cycle with publicly available data since 2018. The techniques used to analyse the data are descriptive statistics, linear and binary logistic regression, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients, and Principal Component Analysis. This article also considers the theoretical base of the sustainable development definition-it explores youths' present perceptions of the future in the economic and financial domains.

How will a conceptualized GCE curriculum function within Chinese secondary schools?

Global citizenship education (GCE) advocates global interdependency and interconnectedness, encouraging students to actively defend social justice, equity, and sustainable development at both local and global levels. When putting GCE into use, educators need specifications to transform it from normative ideals into knowledge suitable for conceptual learning. This case study explores Chinese educators' views on GCE regarding operationalized intents, practices, and preparation for implementation in a curriculum. It aims to understand how the conceptualization of GCE functions as a curriculum innovation at secondary school level. Principals (n = 6) and teachers (n = 10) from six participating schools in an anonymous city in Jiangsu province were purposely sampled, providing data for the researcher in semistructured interviews. The study reveals a GCE curriculum prototype in which the intents were subject to Confucian values and Moral Education's disciplines, whereas pedagogies and instructional approaches were planned to be consistent with constructivist teaching and delivered in an authentic learning context.

Post-pandemic citizenship: The next phase of global citizenship education.

As globalization has grown, the concept of "global citizenship" has also evolved. The drive to expand citizenship beyond national borders spurred a nascent discipline known as global citizenship education (GCE). This article examines the continuum from globalization, to global citizenship, to a global pandemic (Covid-19)-and how the lessons from this growing age of globalism can serve as a blueprint for a new form of global citizenship following the pandemic, defined as "post-pandemic citizenship". The first part chronicles the drive toward globalization since the second half of the 20th century. The second part details the defining traits of global citizenship. The third part calls for a new form of global citizenship that should become part of GCE and be included in global-studies-related secondary-school courses and curricula in the wake of Covid-19-a so-called post-pandemic citizenship education (PPCE)-that emphasizes public health, empathy and compassion, self-sacrifice, and cooperative spirit.

An investigation of citizenship construction among students in higher education: a Foucauldian perspective.

This study, adopting the Foucauldian lenses of citizenship, investigates how a group of students understand the prevailing social discourses and how such understanding and perceptions influence students' sense of citizenship and coping strategies. Drawing on in-depth individual interviews with 28 participants from six universities in Hong Kong, the findings suggest that multiple factors have impacts on the university students' sense of citizenship, including the media as technologies to shape citizenship, the essentialized ideological differences as an apparatus of intervention to shape and act upon individuals, and the legitimacy and discordance of opinions among individuals within both physical and virtual communities. The participants were found to gradually develop an awareness of the discursive construction of the social. They were found to search for their sense of citizenship through (a) opting for one ideological stance and/or keeping silent to avoid being othered within the social discourses existing at the social, community, and family levels; (b) adopting different coping strategies when dealing with their confusion towards conflicting comments; or (c) developing news reading literacy and coming to the realization of the role media plays in discursively constructing new citizens and exercising influence over existing and potential members of communities. The implications of the findings for curriculum design and policy making to develop support measures to facilitate students' positive learning and whole-person development are discussed.

Achievements and Challenges for Higher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review of Media in Africa.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic struck globally and has affected higher education institutions (HEIs) and their operations, indirectly impacting the progress of the Sustainable Development Goal 4 achieved thus far. This article addresses HEIs achievements and challenges experienced in the wake of the pandemic. Online news media reports played a facilitative role in providing information to the HEI communities. A rapid review exploring online news media messages relating to higher education at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa was utilised. Narrative synthesis was used to analyse the data. The results highlight HEIs achievements, which aim to ensure that all students receive the same level of education and provision in terms of devices and mental health support. However, challenges were also experienced at HEIs and include students feeling uncertainty and fear regarding completing their education. Furthermore, the results also show that not all students received the same level of education due to contextual factors, thus deepening the existing social disparities in Africa. The pandemic provides an opportunity for HEIs to embed the components of global citizenship education into the curriculum and to work in an innovative way to promote Sustainable Development Goal 4.

Rethinking the sacred truths of global citizenship education: A theoretical exploration.

This article aims to unpack global citizenship education (GCE) as a concept, arguing that a certain moving forward is needed in the scholarship to allow true engagement of educators and thus students with the topic. It suggests that the contemporary research directions are entangled with strong trends of political correctness and a contrariness agenda, de facto nullifying school-based praxis. It also notes several assumptions in the GCE literature that may benefit from re-examination to critically engage with criticisms of GCE.

Incidencias en la formación de competencias ciudadanas a través del taller de diseño en la Facultad de Artes Integradas de la Universidad de San Buenaventura, Medellín (Colombia) / Incidences on the Formation of Citizenship Competences through the Design Workshop at Faculty of Integrated Arts of San Buenaventura University, Medellin, Colombia

Resumen Las estrategias de educación en Colombia se generan en los escenarios de la vida cotidiana en los que el ciudadano interactúa con la economía, la política y la cultura del país. El objetivo de la investigación se centro en analizar las incidencias de la formación de arquitectos y diseñadores en la facultad de artes integradas de la Universidad de San Buenaventura, frente a las competencias ciudadanas. El enfoque metodológico se desarrolla desde una perspectiva mixta, en tanto construye y usa datos cualitativos derivados de entrevistas a los estudiantes y docentes de los talleres, contrastados con la información oficial sobre los resultados de las pruebas saber pro y las evaluaciones de las prácticas profesionales. El análisis evidenció que existe un aislamiento en el desarrollo de los ejercicios proyectuales de las realidades del contexto económico, político y social en la formación disciplinar, por la falta de enlaces temáticos entre las asignaturas al interior de los programas. Por esto, se llega a la conclusión que la facultad debe crear estrategias que promuevan la formación de profesionales para el trabajo en equipos interdisciplinarios que interactúen de forma directa con la comunidad.

Abstract Education strategies in Colombia are generated in the scenarios of everyday life in which the citizen interacts with the economy, politics, and culture of the country. The objective of the research focused on analyzing the incidence of the training of architects and designers at Faculty of Integrated Arts of Saint Bonaventure University in relation to citizenship competencies. The methodological approach is developed from a mixed perspective, as it builds and uses qualitative data derived from interviews with students and teachers of the workshops, contrasted with official information on the results of the Saber Pro tests and the evaluations of internships. The analysis showed that there is an isolation in the development of project exercises from the realities of the economic, political, and social contexts in the disciplinary training, due to the lack of thematic links between the subjects within the programs. Therefore, it is concluded that the faculty should create strategies, which promote the training of professionals to work in interdisciplinary teams, which interact directly with the community.

Comparison of Students' and Teachers' Opinions Toward Digital Citizenship Education.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the temporary interruption of educational activities in the classroom. Digitalization of the classrooms emerged as a need following that process. The objective of this study is to compare the digital citizenship levels of teacher candidates studying in the last year at the departments of classroom teaching and primary school classroom teachers and to reveal their needs. A total of 38 primary school classroom teachers and 27 classroom teacher candidates in the last year of teaching programs in North Cyprus participated in the research. This descriptive study was designed as a case study, which is a qualitative research approach. The data of the study were gathered within the frame of a grounded theory coding process and were analyzed through descriptive analysis, content analysis and the constant comparison technique. The digital citizenship levels of the classroom teachers and teacher candidates were analyzed according to the sub-dimensions of digital citizenship. As a result of the research, it was found that the digital citizenship sub-dimension scores of the classroom teachers were higher than the teacher candidates and that the teacher candidates needed digital citizenship education.

Ethical global citizenship education: From neoliberalism to a values-based pedagogy.

This article proposes an ethical global citizenship education (GCE) framework by offering the following five dimensions: values-creation, identity progression, collective involvement, glocal disposition, and an intergenerational mindset. Ethical GCE draws on a multiplicity of critical literatures to identify characteristics of each of these dimensions. It goes beyond neoliberal/market-driven principles toward ethical perspectives promoting social responsibility, justice, human rights, and glocal sustainability. With further theoretical development and strategies toward implementation, the framework has the potential to be deployed in future research and evaluation of the complex teaching and learning processes involved in GCE, particularly in a values-based perspective.

School students' perception, attitudes and skills regarding global citizenship-dataset from Vietnam.

The dataset provides large-scale assessment data of school students' awareness (12 items), skills (11 items) and attitudes (09 items) regarding global citizenship in Vietnam. The questionnaire was built based on UNESCO's key learning outcomes for global citizenship education [1], criteria, scales and ideas for global citizens [2], [3], [4] and adapted to Vietnam's education context by experts and consultants. The survey sample was collected by cluster sampling method. Six provinces and cities, presenting for three main economic-social regions in Vietnam, were selected. In each city or province, we chose three districts in both advantage and disadvantage areas. In each district, one primary school, one lower secondary school and one upper secondary school joined the survey. The survey was conducted in May 2019 with responses from 2069 students, of whom 679 primary students (grade 4 and 5), 673 lower secondary students (grade 9) and 717 upper secondary students (grade 10 and 11). The data are presented with mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum and range of students' responses to their perception, attitudes and behaviors concerning various themes of global citizenship education. In future, the dataset can be used for cross-national comparative studies on global citizenship to inform policymakers, educators and conduct further investigations global citizenship.

Global citizenship education through curriculum-as-relations.

The Covid-19 pandemic was a reminder of the importance of increasing connectivity amidst the accelerated rate of changes and disruptive events of our era. The need and the rationale for global citizenship education (GCED) were ever more emphasized by many educational organizations, including UNESCO. This article reviews the GCED discourses conceptualizing global competence as instrumental action and a binary view of global-local relations. In turn, the article proposes the idea of curriculum-as-relations for GCED. Curriculum-as-relations conceptualizes competence as situated praxis and focuses on providing authentic critical-translocal learning. Authentic critical-translocal learning through the strategy of comparison offers an alternative view of global-local relations as "articulated moments created by situated praxis". This new understanding of global-local relations may help different stakeholders to imagine GCED curricula beyond a Tylerian instrumentalist, ends-means orientation of curriculum.